A team of scientists is proposing a bold alternative to the Big Bang theory, a suggestion that our universe may have been formed inside a colossal black hole that resides in a larger matrix universe. The Big Bang theory, together with the general relativity of Einstein, has improved the main cosmological phenomena, including the cosmic microwave fund, the large -scale structure of the universe and its acceleration.
However, fundamental problems remain with this theory, such as the inexplicable nature of dark energy and dark matter, singularity in the Big Bang and inconsistencies between general relativity and quantum mechanics. “Most scientists have responded by proposing a new mysterious form of energy – [called] Dark energy, or modifying the laws of physics, “Enrique Gaztañaga, professor at the University of Portsmouth, said Space.com.” But these are drastic steps. “
Gaztañaga says that he and his colleagues marveled if a simpler explanation could be sufficient. “[Our study] It began with a simple but deep question: why is the expansion of the universe accelerate? “He said. That led to a radical idea: what would happen if the universe was formed in the same way that a star collapses in a black hole?”
It is believed that the universe began as an extremely hot and dense point known as a uniqueness that suffered a rapid expansion only fractions of a second after the Big Bang. “If we go back that expansion using known physical laws, we possibly reach an infinite density point, a singularity, where space, time and matter seem to begin,” Gaztañaga said. “Because physics breaks down at that time, it has or the leg interpreted as a creation event: the beginning of everything.”
The new study explores the idea that the universe may not have begun with a singularity, but that it arose from the collapse of a massive cloud of matter in another universe. To investigate, the research team carried out simulations in search of a solution that could address some of the inconsistencies in current cosmological theories, and unexpectedly found that an exact analytical solution that describes the existing principles.
“Under the correct conditions, this collapse does not end in a singularity; instead, it bounces and begins to expand again,” Gaztañaga said. “That rebound imitates what we call Big Bang.”
While the “rebound scenarios” have been proposed in the past, this model stands out by depending solely on the known laws of physics. Avoid the introduction of speculative parts or forces and describes a purely gravitational collapse that occurs inside a black hole.
“In quantum mechanics, two identical parts (such as electron or neutrons) cannot occupy the same state: they cannot be in exactly the same place at the same time,” Gaztañaga explained. “This principle creates a pressure child, called degeneration pressure, which resists compression. It is what prevents the nuclei of morbundas stars from collapsing in the extreme, and that is what can trigger an explosion of Supernova. Buncion yourself.”
A hypothesis not included in the current document is that gravity interacts directly with the Higgs field, a subatomic quantum field responsible for giving mass mass, as confirmed by experiments in the Great Hadron Colider.
In a very dense and high energy environment, the quantum effects become important, says Sravan Kumar, visiting researcher at the University of Portsmouth and another of the study authors. If gravity interacts with the Higgs field in thesis conditions, this interaction could change the way gravity behaves. For example, if the interaction between gravity and the Higgs field becomes repulsive to extremely high energy densities, it could counteract gravitational collapse. Instead of collapsing in a uniqueness, the universe could bounce, reversing the contraction to expansion.
“This could explain the high densities observed in cosmic microwave background data and suggest that a gravitational rebound could naturally link gravity with quantum mechanics, without the need for new speculative theories,” Kumar said.
“[If there is sufficient matter]Gravity exceeds quantum forces such as degeneration pressure, [which can stabilize different kinds of stars from collapse]”Swaraj Pradhan added, a visiting master’s student at the University of Portsmouth and another study taxpayers.” While we understand these forces in white dwarfs and neutron stars, we do not have first -hand data in extreme densities after black black.
“Instead of showing off a singularity where physics fails, it is fair to think that quantum effects can prevent real singularities,” Pradhan continued. “The most honest answer is that we do not know with certainty. Our model simply extracted well proven [ideas] While dating back according to known physics. “
The model predicts a small positive space curvature of the universe and the existence of relic objects, such as primary black holes or neutron stars, formed before a cosmic rebound.
“The gravitational rebound of our model is based on a small positive space curvature of the universe, a consequence of the finite mass and the radius of the black hole in which the universe has collapsed, and the principle of exclusion of Pauli, which indicates that not two quantum particles, more specific fermions, cannot occupy the same quantum state, simultaneusly,” explained Michael Gabler, researcher at the University of University of the Fermenians of the Studies. “Collapse occurs completely within the framework of Einstein’s general relativity theory, and we expect the existence of relic objects, such as primordial black holes or neutron stars, formed before a cosmic rebound.”
“If we find such relics, especially in the early universe, it would be strong evidence in favor, [of this theory]”Gaztañaga was added.” In fact, some early results of the James Webb space telescope (JWST) have found surprisingly old galaxies near the origin of the universe. These findings can be difficult to reconcile with the standard timeline of Big Bang, but they could make sense if the first relics such as supermassive black holes helped galaxies to form faster.
“Or, of course, suggestion that the Big Bang was the absolute beginning of everything is controversial,” Gaztañaga continued. “[Scientists] It can be reluctant to go beyond family models. But challenging long -term assumptions is essential for scientific progress. “
A study on this theory has been published in the Physical Review D. magazine
