The use of the largest catalog of White Dwarf Vampires stars in explosions never gathered has provided more evidence than dark energy, the mysterious force that accelerates the expansion of the universe, is weakening.
The suggestions in the evolution of dark energy, which represents around 70% of the mass and energy of the universe, were first delivered last year by the spectroscopic instrument of dark energy (DESI). This indication was shocking because the best description we have of the cosmos, the standard cosmology model or the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model, predicts that dark energy must be constant in time.
These new results, provided by the Supernova cosmology project and that consist or 2,087 detonating vampires stars, otherwise, called standardized supernovae type 1a, constitute another line of evidence that dark energy is energy is energy No Constant and that the LCDM may need review.
If dark energy is being woven, this would have ramifications for our understanding of how the cosmos will end.
“Dark energy constitutes almost 70% of the universe and that is what drives the expansion, so if it is weakening, we would expect to see the slow expansion of time,” said the team leader and the University of Hawaii in the Mānoa researcher, David Rubin, in a statement. “Does the universe expand forever, or stop, or simply begin to contract again? This balance between dark energy and matter is made known.
“We want to find out what he earns, and we want to understand this underlying piece of our universe.”
Explosive cosmic vampires and rulers
The 1A supernovae involve stellar remains called white dwarfs left when the stars around the size of the sun die. When they are in nearby binary associations with other stars, these star corpses can steal matter like a cosmic vampire.
This material accumulates in a white dwarf until the dead star leans over the so -called Chandrasekhar limit, about 1.4 times the mass of the sun. Exciting this limit means that the white dwarf can be supernova.
The resulting explosions are type 1a supernovae, and are useful as a measurement tool for astronomers because their light output is uniform from one event to another. When comparing the type 1a supernovae at different distances and seeing how its light has been changed again by the expansion of the universe, you can obtain the value of the expansion rate of the universe (the hubble constant). So, that can be used to understand the impact of dark energy on the cosmos at different times.
This story is adequate because it was the study of 50 Supernovas Type 1a that first inclined astronomers to the existence of dark energy in the first place in 1998.
Since then, astronomers have observed another 2,000 Supernovas type 1a with different telescopes. This new project corrects the differences between the observations caused by different astronomical instruments, such as how the telescope filters are derived from time, to cure the most large standardized Supernova data set in history. It is called Union3.
UNION3 contains 2,087 Supernovas of 24 voltages of different data sets 7 billion cosmic years. It is based on catalog 557 Supernovas on an original data set called UNION2.
Union3 analysis seems to corroborate Desi’s results, that dark energy is being woven over time, but the results are not yet conclusive.
However, the impressive thing about UNION3 is that it presents two separate research routes that point towards non -constant dark energy.
“I don’t think anyone is jumping up and down that it was still excited, but that is because scientists are suppressing any premature euphoria, as we know it could disappear, we get equal data and a Laby, Saul Perllmutter, Sautid in Sauly at Ollmutter.” On the other hand, people are certainly sitting in their presidents now that two separate techniques show a moderate disagreement with the simple CDM Lambda of Lambda.
And when it comes to dark energy in general, Perlmutter says that the scientific community will pay attention. After all, he shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering this strange strength.
“It is exciting that we are finally beginning to reach levels of precision where things become interesting and can begin to differentiate different theories of dark energy,” Perlmutter said.
The team’s Supernova data set will grow with three other data sets that will be added next year. Two of the thesis will be high -red displacement supernovae seen at large distances, while one will contain more local red displacement supernovae. That should help to calibrate new results, researchers say.
“We wanted to establish a baseline before bringing several hundred new red displacement supernovae, which is one of the areas in which the calibration is more crucial and where we have some of the weakest data sets in the results so far,” Greg Aldering, a member of the Berkley Lab’s study and researcher, said in the statement. “We believe that we really understand the calibration in a way that no one has been before, and we are excited to add more supernovae and see what can tell us about dark energy.”
This analysis will be further reinforced when the data begins to roll from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. Rubin is expected to potentially discover 1 million Supernovas type 1a on its survey of Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) of ten years.
This research could really comply when combined once again and compared to fluctuations observations in early concentrations of acoustic barion oscillations (BAO) measured by desi.
“Bao can look back in time when dark energy played less paper in the universe, and the supernovae are shortly precise in the most recent universe,” Perlmutter said. “The two techniques are becoming good enough so that we can really start saying things about dark energy models.
“We have one leg waiting to get to this point for a long time.”
